FAQ
go version is 1.5 beta 1, the same was on "stock" 1.3.3 from Debian repos
OS: Debian 8.1 x64

I'm stress testing (with loader.io) this type of code in Go to create an
array of 100 items along with some other basic variables and parse them all
in the template:

package main

import (
     "html/template"
     "net/http"
)

var templates map[string]*template.Template

// Load templates on program initialisation
func init() {
     if templates == nil {
         templates = make(map[string]*template.Template)
     }

     templates["index.html"] = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
}

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
     type Post struct {
         Id int
         Title, Content string
     }

     var Posts [100]Post

     // Fill posts
     for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
         Posts[i] = Post{i, "Sample Title", "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"}
     }

     type Page struct {
         Title, Subtitle string
         Posts [100]Post
     }

     var p Page

     p.Title = "Index Page of My Super Blog"
     p.Subtitle = "A blog about everything"
     p.Posts = Posts

     tmpl := templates["index.html"]

     tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "index.html", p)
}

func main() {
     http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
     http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
}

My test with Loader is using 5k concurrent connections/s through 1 minute.
The problem is, just after a few seconds after starting the test, I get a
high average latency (almost 10s) and as a result 5k successful responses
and the test stops because it reaches the Error Rate of 50% (timeouts).

On the same machine, PHP gives 50k+.

I understand that it's not Go performance issue, but probably something
related to html/template. Go can easily manage hard enough calculations a
lot faster than anything like PHP of course, but when it comes to parsing
the data to the template, why is it so awful?

Any workarounds, or probably I'm just doing it wrong (I'm new to Go)?

P.S. Actually even with 1 item it's exactly the same... 5-6k and stopping
after huge amount of timeouts. But that's probably because the array with
posts is staying of the same length.

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  • Tamás Gulácsi at Jul 12, 2015 at 5:05 am
    Can you proof your code?

    First, to be sure it's template the culprit, move all your data creation into init, and use the same p for each call.
    So onlz have ExecuteTemplate in the handler.

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  • Vadimyer at Jul 12, 2015 at 2:29 pm
    Do you mean profiling results or results of stress testing via loader.io? I
    can share anything.
    As for profiling results, these are using github.com/pkg/profile, here's
    top10 of cpu usage profiling:

    [email protected]:~# go tool pprof app /tmp/profile311243501/cpu.pprofPossible precedence issue with control flow operator at /usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/pprof line 3008.Welcome to pprof! For help, type 'help'.(pprof) top10Total: 2054 samples
           97 4.7% 4.7% 726 35.3% reflect.Value.call
           89 4.3% 9.1% 278 13.5% runtime.mallocgc
           85 4.1% 13.2% 86 4.2% syscall.Syscall
           66 3.2% 16.4% 75 3.7% runtime.MSpan_Sweep
           58 2.8% 19.2% 1842 89.7% text/template.(*state).walk
           54 2.6% 21.9% 928 45.2% text/template.(*state).evalCall
           51 2.5% 24.3% 53 2.6% settype
           47 2.3% 26.6% 47 2.3% runtime.stringiter2
           44 2.1% 28.8% 149 7.3% runtime.makeslice
           40 1.9% 30.7% 223 10.9% text/template.(*state).evalField


    Then after some time refining the code (as suggested in an answer here <http://stackoverflow.com/a/31367138/4234234>) I've run the test again, but the results were the same:


    [email protected]:~# go tool pprof app /tmp/profile501566907/cpu.pprofPossible precedence issue with control flow operator at /usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/pprof line 3008.Welcome to pprof! For help, type 'help'.(pprof) top10Total: 2811 samples
          137 4.9% 4.9% 442 15.7% runtime.mallocgc
          126 4.5% 9.4% 999 35.5% reflect.Value.call
          113 4.0% 13.4% 115 4.1% syscall.Syscall
          110 3.9% 17.3% 122 4.3% runtime.MSpan_Sweep
          102 3.6% 20.9% 2561 91.1% text/template.(*state).walk
           74 2.6% 23.6% 337 12.0% text/template.(*state).evalField
           68 2.4% 26.0% 72 2.6% settype
           66 2.3% 28.3% 1279 45.5% text/template.(*state).evalCall
           65 2.3% 30.6% 226 8.0% runtime.makeslice
           57 2.0% 32.7% 57 2.0% runtime.stringiter2


    Sorry, I'm not quite sure how to move the data properly to init(). If I
    move it there, go compiler gives such an error: undefined: p

    воскресенье, 12 июля 2015 г., 8:05:03 UTC+3 пользователь Tamás Gulácsi
    написал:
    Can you proof your code?

    First, to be sure it's template the culprit, move all your data creation
    into init, and use the same p for each call.
    So onlz have ExecuteTemplate in the handler.
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  • Tamás Gulácsi at Jul 12, 2015 at 4:16 pm
    2015. július 12., vasárnap 6:05:36 UTC+2 időpontban [email protected] a
    következőt írta:
    go version is 1.5 beta 1, the same was on "stock" 1.3.3 from Debian repos
    OS: Debian 8.1 x64

    I'm stress testing (with loader.io) this type of code in Go to create an
    array of 100 items along with some other basic variables and parse them all
    in the template:

    package main

    import (
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    )

    var templates map[string]*template.Template

    // Load templates on program initialisation
    func init() {
    if templates == nil {
    templates = make(map[string]*template.Template)
    }

    templates["index.html"] = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
    }

    func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    type Post struct {
    Id int
    Title, Content string
    }

    var Posts [100]Post

    // Fill posts
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
    Posts[i] = Post{i, "Sample Title", "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"}
    }

    type Page struct {
    Title, Subtitle string
    Posts [100]Post
    }

    var p Page

    p.Title = "Index Page of My Super Blog"
    p.Subtitle = "A blog about everything"
    p.Posts = Posts

    tmpl := templates["index.html"]

    tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "index.html", p)
    }

    func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
    }

    My test with Loader is using 5k concurrent connections/s through 1 minute.
    The problem is, just after a few seconds after starting the test, I get a
    high average latency (almost 10s) and as a result 5k successful responses
    and the test stops because it reaches the Error Rate of 50% (timeouts).

    On the same machine, PHP gives 50k+.

    I understand that it's not Go performance issue, but probably something
    related to html/template. Go can easily manage hard enough calculations a
    lot faster than anything like PHP of course, but when it comes to parsing
    the data to the template, why is it so awful?

    Any workarounds, or probably I'm just doing it wrong (I'm new to Go)?

    P.S. Actually even with 1 item it's exactly the same... 5-6k and stopping
    after huge amount of timeouts. But that's probably because the array with
    posts is staying of the same length.
    TL;DR: this is a very artificial, very specific test, please don't decide
    on its result!
    Go does what it's written down, only - no magic caching, JITing &so on.

    If you wan't some comparison, than do it on a real application! For this
    nonsense payload, I can cache the whole generated template, and write it
    unconditionally, which means 5500 req/s instead of 156 req/s - see below!


    http://play.golang.org/p/XU1SNjb2Kc

    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 1000 concurrent requests (same machine):

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 1000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
       Total: 15.3071 secs.
       Slowest: 15.2237 secs.
       Fastest: 0.0022 secs.
       Average: 1.1133 secs.
       Requests/sec: 653.2921

    Status code distribution:
       [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
       0.002 [1] |
       1.524 [8480] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       3.046 [495] |∎∎
       4.569 [749] |∎∎∎
       6.091 [4] |
       7.613 [123] |
       9.135 [13] |
       10.657 [4] |
       12.179 [0] |
       13.702 [0] |
       15.224 [131] |

    Latency distribution:
       10% in 0.1168 secs.
       25% in 0.2253 secs.
       50% in 0.4019 secs.
       75% in 1.2766 secs.
       90% in 3.0859 secs.
       95% in 3.5142 secs.
       99% in 15.1037 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 concurrent requests:

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
       Total: 63.6932 secs.
       Slowest: 63.2481 secs.
       Fastest: 0.0021 secs.
       Average: 7.9291 secs.
       Requests/sec: 157.0026

    Status code distribution:
       [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
       0.002 [1] |
       6.327 [5988] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       12.651 [1461] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       18.976 [1355] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       25.300 [0] |
       31.625 [567] |∎∎∎
       37.950 [592] |∎∎∎
       44.274 [0] |
       50.599 [0] |
       56.923 [0] |
       63.248 [36] |

    Latency distribution:
       10% in 0.3334 secs.
       25% in 0.9190 secs.
       50% in 1.7652 secs.
       75% in 15.1519 secs.
       90% in 31.2858 secs.
       95% in 31.8165 secs.
       99% in 32.1586 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000 concurrent requests (phisical CPUs: 4)

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
       Total: 64.2826 secs.
       Slowest: 63.5283 secs.
       Fastest: 0.0020 secs.
       Average: 8.7877 secs.
       Requests/sec: 155.5630

    Status code distribution:
       [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
       0.002 [1] |
       6.355 [6796] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       12.707 [855] |∎∎∎∎∎
       19.060 [956] |∎∎∎∎∎
       25.413 [0] |
       31.765 [771] |∎∎∎∎
       38.118 [352] |∎∎
       44.470 [0] |
       50.823 [0] |
       57.176 [0] |
       63.528 [269] |∎

    Latency distribution:
       10% in 0.5582 secs.
       25% in 1.2234 secs.
       50% in 3.3164 secs.
       75% in 7.7569 secs.
       90% in 31.3622 secs.
       95% in 32.0004 secs.
       99% in 63.3140 secs.


    What I've spoken about (simplest
    handler): http://play.golang.org/p/p-Yab4yN1U


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
       Total: 63.9838 secs.
       Slowest: 63.2345 secs.
       Fastest: 0.0025 secs.
       Average: 6.7039 secs.
       Requests/sec: 156.2896

    Status code distribution:
       [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
       0.003 [1] |
       6.326 [6410] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       12.649 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       18.972 [1033] |∎∎∎∎∎∎
       25.295 [0] |
       31.619 [723] |∎∎∎∎
       37.942 [12] |
       44.265 [0] |
       50.588 [0] |
       56.911 [0] |
       63.234 [55] |

    Latency distribution:
       10% in 0.4180 secs.
       25% in 1.1932 secs.
       50% in 3.1853 secs.
       75% in 7.4987 secs.
       90% in 15.7431 secs.
       95% in 31.2491 secs.
       99% in 31.5867 secs.




    You should cache as much as possible, and don't repeat what's already
    cached: http://play.golang.org/p/F85MmNQi1_


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
       Total: 1.8361 secs.
       Slowest: 1.6736 secs.
       Fastest: 0.0015 secs.
       Average: 0.6732 secs.
       Requests/sec: 5446.2187

    Status code distribution:
       [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
       0.001 [1] |
       0.169 [26] |
       0.336 [202] |∎
       0.503 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       0.670 [2754] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       0.838 [4308] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
       1.005 [412] |∎∎∎
       1.172 [173] |∎
       1.339 [3] |
       1.506 [172] |∎
       1.674 [183] |∎

    Latency distribution:
       10% in 0.4224 secs.
       25% in 0.5773 secs.
       50% in 0.6800 secs.
       75% in 0.7444 secs.
       90% in 0.8201 secs.
       95% in 1.0264 secs.
       99% in 1.6086 secs.

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  • Vadimyer at Jul 12, 2015 at 5:23 pm
    Thank you for this extensive answer with examples. They really help a lot.

    I understand, truly PHP has some "inside magic" like opcache, though I
    don't really understand how it works inside.

    Your "caching" approach works flawlessly, except there's one point, if this
    is a web application, even a simple blog where data is not static, seems
    like at program start (initialization) all data has already been gathered
    and processed within a template (cached). So e.g. if I request DB data, any
    data, it will be a frozen cached stack of some old data, right? It's not
    going to be ok, of course, - in case of a dynamic blog.

    So if I need dynamic data, I need to process it with each request, meaning
    process it within a template again, meaning slow performance again and
    again?

    Again, in case if one needs caching, looks like in this case it's even
    simpler just to cache the page on nginx side - the result is the same.

    воскресенье, 12 июля 2015 г., 19:16:21 UTC+3 пользователь Tamás Gulácsi
    написал:

    2015. július 12., vasárnap 6:05:36 UTC+2 időpontban [email protected] a
    következőt írta:
    go version is 1.5 beta 1, the same was on "stock" 1.3.3 from Debian repos
    OS: Debian 8.1 x64

    I'm stress testing (with loader.io) this type of code in Go to create an
    array of 100 items along with some other basic variables and parse them all
    in the template:

    package main

    import (
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    )

    var templates map[string]*template.Template

    // Load templates on program initialisation
    func init() {
    if templates == nil {
    templates = make(map[string]*template.Template)
    }

    templates["index.html"] = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
    }

    func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    type Post struct {
    Id int
    Title, Content string
    }

    var Posts [100]Post

    // Fill posts
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
    Posts[i] = Post{i, "Sample Title", "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"}
    }

    type Page struct {
    Title, Subtitle string
    Posts [100]Post
    }

    var p Page

    p.Title = "Index Page of My Super Blog"
    p.Subtitle = "A blog about everything"
    p.Posts = Posts

    tmpl := templates["index.html"]

    tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "index.html", p)
    }

    func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
    }

    My test with Loader is using 5k concurrent connections/s through 1
    minute. The problem is, just after a few seconds after starting the test, I
    get a high average latency (almost 10s) and as a result 5k successful
    responses and the test stops because it reaches the Error Rate of 50%
    (timeouts).

    On the same machine, PHP gives 50k+.

    I understand that it's not Go performance issue, but probably something
    related to html/template. Go can easily manage hard enough calculations a
    lot faster than anything like PHP of course, but when it comes to parsing
    the data to the template, why is it so awful?

    Any workarounds, or probably I'm just doing it wrong (I'm new to Go)?

    P.S. Actually even with 1 item it's exactly the same... 5-6k and stopping
    after huge amount of timeouts. But that's probably because the array with
    posts is staying of the same length.
    TL;DR: this is a very artificial, very specific test, please don't decide
    on its result!
    Go does what it's written down, only - no magic caching, JITing &so on.

    If you wan't some comparison, than do it on a real application! For this
    nonsense payload, I can cache the whole generated template, and write it
    unconditionally, which means 5500 req/s instead of 156 req/s - see below!


    http://play.golang.org/p/XU1SNjb2Kc

    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 1000 concurrent requests (same machine):

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 1000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 15.3071 secs.
    Slowest: 15.2237 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0022 secs.
    Average: 1.1133 secs.
    Requests/sec: 653.2921

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    1.524 [8480] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    3.046 [495] |∎∎
    4.569 [749] |∎∎∎
    6.091 [4] |
    7.613 [123] |
    9.135 [13] |
    10.657 [4] |
    12.179 [0] |
    13.702 [0] |
    15.224 [131] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.1168 secs.
    25% in 0.2253 secs.
    50% in 0.4019 secs.
    75% in 1.2766 secs.
    90% in 3.0859 secs.
    95% in 3.5142 secs.
    99% in 15.1037 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 concurrent requests:

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 63.6932 secs.
    Slowest: 63.2481 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0021 secs.
    Average: 7.9291 secs.
    Requests/sec: 157.0026

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    6.327 [5988] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.651 [1461] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    18.976 [1355] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    25.300 [0] |
    31.625 [567] |∎∎∎
    37.950 [592] |∎∎∎
    44.274 [0] |
    50.599 [0] |
    56.923 [0] |
    63.248 [36] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.3334 secs.
    25% in 0.9190 secs.
    50% in 1.7652 secs.
    75% in 15.1519 secs.
    90% in 31.2858 secs.
    95% in 31.8165 secs.
    99% in 32.1586 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000 concurrent requests (phisical CPUs: 4)

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 64.2826 secs.
    Slowest: 63.5283 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0020 secs.
    Average: 8.7877 secs.
    Requests/sec: 155.5630

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    6.355 [6796] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.707 [855] |∎∎∎∎∎
    19.060 [956] |∎∎∎∎∎
    25.413 [0] |
    31.765 [771] |∎∎∎∎
    38.118 [352] |∎∎
    44.470 [0] |
    50.823 [0] |
    57.176 [0] |
    63.528 [269] |∎

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.5582 secs.
    25% in 1.2234 secs.
    50% in 3.3164 secs.
    75% in 7.7569 secs.
    90% in 31.3622 secs.
    95% in 32.0004 secs.
    99% in 63.3140 secs.


    What I've spoken about (simplest handler):
    http://play.golang.org/p/p-Yab4yN1U


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 63.9838 secs.
    Slowest: 63.2345 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0025 secs.
    Average: 6.7039 secs.
    Requests/sec: 156.2896

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.003 [1] |
    6.326 [6410] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.649 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    18.972 [1033] |∎∎∎∎∎∎
    25.295 [0] |
    31.619 [723] |∎∎∎∎
    37.942 [12] |
    44.265 [0] |
    50.588 [0] |
    56.911 [0] |
    63.234 [55] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.4180 secs.
    25% in 1.1932 secs.
    50% in 3.1853 secs.
    75% in 7.4987 secs.
    90% in 15.7431 secs.
    95% in 31.2491 secs.
    99% in 31.5867 secs.




    You should cache as much as possible, and don't repeat what's already
    cached: http://play.golang.org/p/F85MmNQi1_


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 1.8361 secs.
    Slowest: 1.6736 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0015 secs.
    Average: 0.6732 secs.
    Requests/sec: 5446.2187

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.001 [1] |
    0.169 [26] |
    0.336 [202] |∎
    0.503 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    0.670 [2754] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    0.838 [4308] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    1.005 [412] |∎∎∎
    1.172 [173] |∎
    1.339 [3] |
    1.506 [172] |∎
    1.674 [183] |∎

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.4224 secs.
    25% in 0.5773 secs.
    50% in 0.6800 secs.
    75% in 0.7444 secs.
    90% in 0.8201 secs.
    95% in 1.0264 secs.
    99% in 1.6086 secs.
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  • Vadimyer at Jul 12, 2015 at 9:32 pm
    Also, why are the results for GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 and GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000 are
    almost the same?
    I heard Go scales great in utilizing CPU power by just tuning this option
    (of course if we have available CPU power).

    воскресенье, 12 июля 2015 г., 19:16:21 UTC+3 пользователь Tamás Gulácsi
    написал:

    2015. július 12., vasárnap 6:05:36 UTC+2 időpontban [email protected] a
    következőt írta:
    go version is 1.5 beta 1, the same was on "stock" 1.3.3 from Debian repos
    OS: Debian 8.1 x64

    I'm stress testing (with loader.io) this type of code in Go to create an
    array of 100 items along with some other basic variables and parse them all
    in the template:

    package main

    import (
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    )

    var templates map[string]*template.Template

    // Load templates on program initialisation
    func init() {
    if templates == nil {
    templates = make(map[string]*template.Template)
    }

    templates["index.html"] = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
    }

    func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    type Post struct {
    Id int
    Title, Content string
    }

    var Posts [100]Post

    // Fill posts
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
    Posts[i] = Post{i, "Sample Title", "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"}
    }

    type Page struct {
    Title, Subtitle string
    Posts [100]Post
    }

    var p Page

    p.Title = "Index Page of My Super Blog"
    p.Subtitle = "A blog about everything"
    p.Posts = Posts

    tmpl := templates["index.html"]

    tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "index.html", p)
    }

    func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
    }

    My test with Loader is using 5k concurrent connections/s through 1
    minute. The problem is, just after a few seconds after starting the test, I
    get a high average latency (almost 10s) and as a result 5k successful
    responses and the test stops because it reaches the Error Rate of 50%
    (timeouts).

    On the same machine, PHP gives 50k+.

    I understand that it's not Go performance issue, but probably something
    related to html/template. Go can easily manage hard enough calculations a
    lot faster than anything like PHP of course, but when it comes to parsing
    the data to the template, why is it so awful?

    Any workarounds, or probably I'm just doing it wrong (I'm new to Go)?

    P.S. Actually even with 1 item it's exactly the same... 5-6k and stopping
    after huge amount of timeouts. But that's probably because the array with
    posts is staying of the same length.
    TL;DR: this is a very artificial, very specific test, please don't decide
    on its result!
    Go does what it's written down, only - no magic caching, JITing &so on.

    If you wan't some comparison, than do it on a real application! For this
    nonsense payload, I can cache the whole generated template, and write it
    unconditionally, which means 5500 req/s instead of 156 req/s - see below!


    http://play.golang.org/p/XU1SNjb2Kc

    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 1000 concurrent requests (same machine):

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 1000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 15.3071 secs.
    Slowest: 15.2237 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0022 secs.
    Average: 1.1133 secs.
    Requests/sec: 653.2921

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    1.524 [8480] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    3.046 [495] |∎∎
    4.569 [749] |∎∎∎
    6.091 [4] |
    7.613 [123] |
    9.135 [13] |
    10.657 [4] |
    12.179 [0] |
    13.702 [0] |
    15.224 [131] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.1168 secs.
    25% in 0.2253 secs.
    50% in 0.4019 secs.
    75% in 1.2766 secs.
    90% in 3.0859 secs.
    95% in 3.5142 secs.
    99% in 15.1037 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 concurrent requests:

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 63.6932 secs.
    Slowest: 63.2481 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0021 secs.
    Average: 7.9291 secs.
    Requests/sec: 157.0026

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    6.327 [5988] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.651 [1461] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    18.976 [1355] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    25.300 [0] |
    31.625 [567] |∎∎∎
    37.950 [592] |∎∎∎
    44.274 [0] |
    50.599 [0] |
    56.923 [0] |
    63.248 [36] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.3334 secs.
    25% in 0.9190 secs.
    50% in 1.7652 secs.
    75% in 15.1519 secs.
    90% in 31.2858 secs.
    95% in 31.8165 secs.
    99% in 32.1586 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000 concurrent requests (phisical CPUs: 4)

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 64.2826 secs.
    Slowest: 63.5283 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0020 secs.
    Average: 8.7877 secs.
    Requests/sec: 155.5630

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    6.355 [6796] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.707 [855] |∎∎∎∎∎
    19.060 [956] |∎∎∎∎∎
    25.413 [0] |
    31.765 [771] |∎∎∎∎
    38.118 [352] |∎∎
    44.470 [0] |
    50.823 [0] |
    57.176 [0] |
    63.528 [269] |∎

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.5582 secs.
    25% in 1.2234 secs.
    50% in 3.3164 secs.
    75% in 7.7569 secs.
    90% in 31.3622 secs.
    95% in 32.0004 secs.
    99% in 63.3140 secs.


    What I've spoken about (simplest handler):
    http://play.golang.org/p/p-Yab4yN1U


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 63.9838 secs.
    Slowest: 63.2345 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0025 secs.
    Average: 6.7039 secs.
    Requests/sec: 156.2896

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.003 [1] |
    6.326 [6410] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.649 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    18.972 [1033] |∎∎∎∎∎∎
    25.295 [0] |
    31.619 [723] |∎∎∎∎
    37.942 [12] |
    44.265 [0] |
    50.588 [0] |
    56.911 [0] |
    63.234 [55] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.4180 secs.
    25% in 1.1932 secs.
    50% in 3.1853 secs.
    75% in 7.4987 secs.
    90% in 15.7431 secs.
    95% in 31.2491 secs.
    99% in 31.5867 secs.




    You should cache as much as possible, and don't repeat what's already
    cached: http://play.golang.org/p/F85MmNQi1_


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
    100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 1.8361 secs.
    Slowest: 1.6736 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0015 secs.
    Average: 0.6732 secs.
    Requests/sec: 5446.2187

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.001 [1] |
    0.169 [26] |
    0.336 [202] |∎
    0.503 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    0.670 [2754] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    0.838 [4308] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    1.005 [412] |∎∎∎
    1.172 [173] |∎
    1.339 [3] |
    1.506 [172] |∎
    1.674 [183] |∎

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.4224 secs.
    25% in 0.5773 secs.
    50% in 0.6800 secs.
    75% in 0.7444 secs.
    90% in 0.8201 secs.
    95% in 1.0264 secs.
    99% in 1.6086 secs.
    --
    You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "golang-nuts" group.
    To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected].
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  • Matt Harden at Jul 12, 2015 at 9:40 pm
    That just means the task is heavily I/O bound, not CPU bound.
    On Sun, Jul 12, 2015 at 4:32 PM wrote:

    Also, why are the results for GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 and GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000
    are almost the same?
    I heard Go scales great in utilizing CPU power by just tuning this option
    (of course if we have available CPU power).

    воскресенье, 12 июля 2015 г., 19:16:21 UTC+3 пользователь Tamás Gulácsi
    написал:
    2015. július 12., vasárnap 6:05:36 UTC+2 időpontban [email protected] a
    következőt írta:
    go version is 1.5 beta 1, the same was on "stock" 1.3.3 from Debian repos
    OS: Debian 8.1 x64

    I'm stress testing (with loader.io) this type of code in Go to create
    an array of 100 items along with some other basic variables and parse them
    all in the template:

    package main

    import (
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    )

    var templates map[string]*template.Template

    // Load templates on program initialisation
    func init() {
    if templates == nil {
    templates = make(map[string]*template.Template)
    }

    templates["index.html"] = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
    }

    func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    type Post struct {
    Id int
    Title, Content string
    }

    var Posts [100]Post

    // Fill posts
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
    Posts[i] = Post{i, "Sample Title", "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"}
    }

    type Page struct {
    Title, Subtitle string
    Posts [100]Post
    }

    var p Page

    p.Title = "Index Page of My Super Blog"
    p.Subtitle = "A blog about everything"
    p.Posts = Posts

    tmpl := templates["index.html"]

    tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "index.html", p)
    }

    func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
    }

    My test with Loader is using 5k concurrent connections/s through 1
    minute. The problem is, just after a few seconds after starting the test, I
    get a high average latency (almost 10s) and as a result 5k successful
    responses and the test stops because it reaches the Error Rate of 50%
    (timeouts).

    On the same machine, PHP gives 50k+.

    I understand that it's not Go performance issue, but probably something
    related to html/template. Go can easily manage hard enough calculations a
    lot faster than anything like PHP of course, but when it comes to parsing
    the data to the template, why is it so awful?

    Any workarounds, or probably I'm just doing it wrong (I'm new to Go)?

    P.S. Actually even with 1 item it's exactly the same... 5-6k and
    stopping after huge amount of timeouts. But that's probably because the
    array with posts is staying of the same length.
    TL;DR: this is a very artificial, very specific test, please don't decide
    on its result!
    Go does what it's written down, only - no magic caching, JITing &so on.

    If you wan't some comparison, than do it on a real application! For this
    nonsense payload, I can cache the whole generated template, and write it
    unconditionally, which means 5500 req/s instead of 156 req/s - see below!


    http://play.golang.org/p/XU1SNjb2Kc

    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 1000 concurrent requests (same machine):

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 1000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000
    Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! 100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 15.3071 secs.
    Slowest: 15.2237 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0022 secs.
    Average: 1.1133 secs.
    Requests/sec: 653.2921

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    1.524 [8480] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    3.046 [495] |∎∎
    4.569 [749] |∎∎∎
    6.091 [4] |
    7.613 [123] |
    9.135 [13] |
    10.657 [4] |
    12.179 [0] |
    13.702 [0] |
    15.224 [131] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.1168 secs.
    25% in 0.2253 secs.
    50% in 0.4019 secs.
    75% in 1.2766 secs.
    90% in 3.0859 secs.
    95% in 3.5142 secs.
    99% in 15.1037 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 concurrent requests:

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000
    Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! 100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 63.6932 secs.
    Slowest: 63.2481 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0021 secs.
    Average: 7.9291 secs.
    Requests/sec: 157.0026

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    6.327 [5988] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.651 [1461] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    18.976 [1355] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    25.300 [0] |
    31.625 [567] |∎∎∎
    37.950 [592] |∎∎∎
    44.274 [0] |
    50.599 [0] |
    56.923 [0] |
    63.248 [36] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.3334 secs.
    25% in 0.9190 secs.
    50% in 1.7652 secs.
    75% in 15.1519 secs.
    90% in 31.2858 secs.
    95% in 31.8165 secs.
    99% in 32.1586 secs.


    With GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000 concurrent requests (phisical CPUs: 4)

    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000
    Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! 100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 64.2826 secs.
    Slowest: 63.5283 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0020 secs.
    Average: 8.7877 secs.
    Requests/sec: 155.5630

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.002 [1] |
    6.355 [6796] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.707 [855] |∎∎∎∎∎
    19.060 [956] |∎∎∎∎∎
    25.413 [0] |
    31.765 [771] |∎∎∎∎
    38.118 [352] |∎∎
    44.470 [0] |
    50.823 [0] |
    57.176 [0] |
    63.528 [269] |∎

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.5582 secs.
    25% in 1.2234 secs.
    50% in 3.3164 secs.
    75% in 7.7569 secs.
    90% in 31.3622 secs.
    95% in 32.0004 secs.
    99% in 63.3140 secs.


    What I've spoken about (simplest handler):
    http://play.golang.org/p/p-Yab4yN1U


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000
    Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! 100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 63.9838 secs.
    Slowest: 63.2345 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0025 secs.
    Average: 6.7039 secs.
    Requests/sec: 156.2896

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.003 [1] |
    6.326 [6410] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    12.649 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    18.972 [1033] |∎∎∎∎∎∎
    25.295 [0] |
    31.619 [723] |∎∎∎∎
    37.942 [12] |
    44.265 [0] |
    50.588 [0] |
    56.911 [0] |
    63.234 [55] |

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.4180 secs.
    25% in 1.1932 secs.
    50% in 3.1853 secs.
    75% in 7.4987 secs.
    90% in 15.7431 secs.
    95% in 31.2491 secs.
    99% in 31.5867 secs.




    You should cache as much as possible, and don't repeat what's already
    cached: http://play.golang.org/p/F85MmNQi1_


    [email protected]:/tmp$ boom -n 10000 -c 5000 http://localhost:8888
    10000 / 10000
    Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! 100.00 %

    Summary:
    Total: 1.8361 secs.
    Slowest: 1.6736 secs.
    Fastest: 0.0015 secs.
    Average: 0.6732 secs.
    Requests/sec: 5446.2187

    Status code distribution:
    [200] 10000 responses

    Response time histogram:
    0.001 [1] |
    0.169 [26] |
    0.336 [202] |∎
    0.503 [1766] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    0.670 [2754] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    0.838 [4308] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
    1.005 [412] |∎∎∎
    1.172 [173] |∎
    1.339 [3] |
    1.506 [172] |∎
    1.674 [183] |∎

    Latency distribution:
    10% in 0.4224 secs.
    25% in 0.5773 secs.
    50% in 0.6800 secs.
    75% in 0.7444 secs.
    90% in 0.8201 secs.
    95% in 1.0264 secs.
    99% in 1.6086 secs.

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  • Jesper Louis Andersen at Jul 14, 2015 at 9:48 am

    On Sun, Jul 12, 2015 at 11:32 PM, wrote:

    Also, why are the results for GOMAXPROCS=1, 5000 and GOMAXPROCS=8, 5000
    are almost the same?

    This is a surefire indicator.

    Something is amiss in the understanding of the problem space in the first
    place. You expected a higher GOMAXPROCS setting to improve the results, but
    nothing happened. This suggests the bottleneck is somewhere else, for
    instance in I/O which Matt Harden supposes.

    Chances are you aren't really comparing equal solutions here. In fact, if
    the discrepancy in performance is more than an order of magnitude in
    difference, you should always investigate the approach, as this is way too
    much to be explained by mere differences.


    --
    J.

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  • Linuxerwang at Jul 14, 2015 at 5:59 am
    You could also stress testing with other Go template engines, for example,
    https://github.com/linuxerwang/goats-html. I am curious how it'd perform.

    On Saturday, July 11, 2015 at 9:05:36 PM UTC-7, [email protected] wrote:

    go version is 1.5 beta 1, the same was on "stock" 1.3.3 from Debian repos
    OS: Debian 8.1 x64

    I'm stress testing (with loader.io) this type of code in Go to create an
    array of 100 items along with some other basic variables and parse them all
    in the template:

    package main

    import (
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    )

    var templates map[string]*template.Template

    // Load templates on program initialisation
    func init() {
    if templates == nil {
    templates = make(map[string]*template.Template)
    }

    templates["index.html"] = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
    }

    func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    type Post struct {
    Id int
    Title, Content string
    }

    var Posts [100]Post

    // Fill posts
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
    Posts[i] = Post{i, "Sample Title", "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"}
    }

    type Page struct {
    Title, Subtitle string
    Posts [100]Post
    }

    var p Page

    p.Title = "Index Page of My Super Blog"
    p.Subtitle = "A blog about everything"
    p.Posts = Posts

    tmpl := templates["index.html"]

    tmpl.ExecuteTemplate(w, "index.html", p)
    }

    func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
    }

    My test with Loader is using 5k concurrent connections/s through 1 minute.
    The problem is, just after a few seconds after starting the test, I get a
    high average latency (almost 10s) and as a result 5k successful responses
    and the test stops because it reaches the Error Rate of 50% (timeouts).

    On the same machine, PHP gives 50k+.

    I understand that it's not Go performance issue, but probably something
    related to html/template. Go can easily manage hard enough calculations a
    lot faster than anything like PHP of course, but when it comes to parsing
    the data to the template, why is it so awful?

    Any workarounds, or probably I'm just doing it wrong (I'm new to Go)?

    P.S. Actually even with 1 item it's exactly the same... 5-6k and stopping
    after huge amount of timeouts. But that's probably because the array with
    posts is staying of the same length.
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